Showing posts with label parking. Show all posts
Showing posts with label parking. Show all posts
Parking Data Collection Part 3
Parking Interview:
In the study phase of this interview, set a range of parking facilities (Curb, lots, and garages) to gather information and locations through the driver's request. The collection of this data to find out:
- Inventory level in the use of parking facilities,
- The location and level of demand for parking facilities. All drivers who park were interviewed (100%). The information collected is:
- Travel destination (origin), home address, the intention to stop, as well as the type of vehicle.
- Purpose of the driver's foot, which would give the distance on foot.
- The time came and the time left (for the duration of parking).
- Type of parking space (curbed, unrestricted, metered space) (see form Parking Interview)
Data Analysis Parking
Data analysis includes summarize parking, coding, and self-interpretasian data, hence the relevant information are advised to make a decision. Relevant information includes:
1) The number and duration of parked vehicles that were legal.
2) The number and duration of vehicles parked illegally.
3) The demand for parking space hour.
4) Parking facilities are available.
Analysis is needed to obtain information on the first two items to be simple and usually involves a simple and statistics. Data obtained from these items is then used to determine the parking space hours. Efficiency factor f is used to fix the time lost in each turnover. This determines the basic operation of the best performance expected from a parking facility. Efficiency factor should be determined for different types of parking facilities, eg, surface lots, Curb parking and garage. Efficiency factor for the cub parking during the highest demand, varies from 78% to 96% and for surface lots and garages from 75% to 92%. The average value of f is: 90% to Curb parking, 80% for the garage, and 85% for surface lots.
Parking Data Collection Part 1
Accumulation of data obtained by checking the number of parking during a fixed time interval within a few days. Checks usually show the basic time interval is every hour or every 2 hours, which was conducted between the hours of 6 am to 8 pm. Depending on the timing of the activities of a land use, which actually is the plant parking lot. For example: if a commercial zone is entered, checks should be carried out during the time the store opened, probably until at 9:30 pm.
Turnover and duration.
Turnover and duration information is usually obtained from a sample data collection of parking spaces. This is done by noting the number of vehicles parked in any parking space during the time interval at the end of the study. Long time interval depending on the duration of the maximum allowed. For example: if the maximum permissible duration of an on-street parking is 1 hour, then the appropriate interval is every 20 minutes. If the duration of 2 hours, then check every 30 minutes.
Turnover obtained by the following formula:
T = (number of vehicles parking range) / (number of parking spaces)
Parking Data Collection Part 2
Identification of Plant Parking.
This phase is to identify power-generating parking (eg, shopping centers, transit terminal) and allocate it in the study area map.
Request for parking (Parking Demand).
Parking demand information obtained from interviews with drivers of various parking facilities during the inventory. Attempted to interview all drivers who use the parking facilities on weekdays between the hours of 8 am to 10 pm. Information includes (1) trip origin, (2) trip purpose, and (3) the objectives to be achieved after the park. Interviews also noted the location of parking facilities, the time came and left, as well as the type of vehicle.
Inventory of Existing Parking Facilities
An inventory of existing parking facilities is a detailed list of locations and all the relevant characteristics of each of the legal parking facilities, both private and public ownership within the study area. Inventory facilities include on-street and off-street parking
Relevant characteristics typically include:
- Type and number of parking spaces in each parking facility.
- Time limit duration of the operation and parking.
- Type of ownership (private or public)
- The cost of parking - if any - and the method of collection.
- Restrictions on use (ex: not open to the public)
- other restrictions - if any - (bus stop, loading zone)
- The possibility of the degree / level of permanence that is seen as a permanent facility, or facility that is only temporary.
Parking Study Methodology
A parking study scope usually includes:
An inventory of existing parking facilities,
The collection of data accumulated parking, parking turnover, duration of parking,
Identify the plant parking lot, and
Obtain parking information requests. Information related factors such as financial, legal administration should also be collected.
On-street Parking Facilities.
Also known as the Curb facilities. Parking bays (parking rows) provided along the side edges (curbs) way either one side or two sides of the road. Rows can be an unrestricted facility (if the duration of free parking) or a restricted facility (if specified maximum length). Limited facilities may also be provided for specific purposes because of tough odds parking problems.
On street parking facilities are designed with grooves parallel parking on curbs or at an angle to the curbs. It should be noted that the corners of the biases common to Curb parking, as well as dimensions for car parking. Can also be seen that proper number of parking along the flow path for a wide range of angles. Angled parking is severe enough to interfere with the movement of traffic on the highway, which resulted in the number of accidents on these roads would be higher. In the picture sizes given are for cars, while truck and other vehicle types should be considered the basic size of the vehicle
Availability of Parking Needs
Perhaps the most valuable information is the inventory of parking spaces in each block of the study area. This space is usually expressed in hours is better than the number of vehicles entering the area. In conjunction with the distribution of parking, an important consideration in determining the need for parking is a short walk takes one to reach the goal.
Studies that determined the type of parking will depend on the scope of the overall parking study.
Information Needed For The Analysis of Parking
- The pattern of traffic flow, fluctuations and congestion spots.
- The capacity, location and characteristics of existing facilities.
- Use of existing facilities, the characteristics of vehicle parking, motor vehicle violations, implementation of rules and the concentration peaks.
- The location and development of space demand associated with the provision, the influence of power demand, the area needs now and in the future, or lack of efficiency, the available locations.
- Traffic signs and road markings are adequate.
- The method of financial possibilities, and
- The authority and responsibility
Parking Arrangements Part 1
Parking facilities is an integral part of a transportation system. Travel (usually) do not rise to the movement, but (presumably) for the final activity of the trip. For every vehicle on the highway passing by one day - would require parking, either for short or long, depending on the reason for the driver. Placement of parking facilities is an essential element of road transport. However, please note that vehicles parked on the roadside - especially in urban areas - "responsible" for delay, congestion, and several accidents.
Parking Arrangements Part 2
The need for parking spaces (parking spaces) in urban areas are usually very large in the area of ??business, residential or commercial activities. Growth in vehicle usage increasing demand for parking spaces - especially in the transit station - causing parking spaces to be expensive.
Angled parking form more or less safe than parallel parking. Road capacity will increase if the prohibition or operated parking restrictions. Although few in number, the vehicle parked on the edge all the way, will effectively reduce the width of the road, which would reduce the ability to accommodate traffic flow.
Supply of Parking Space
Fundamental part of a parking survey is to find the location of parking facilities and the possibility of new development in these areas. Parking provision of information is always needed, including
- Parking space (parking space) - the total number, size and geographical location.
- Type of parking - on-street, off-street survace lot, off-street garages.
- The operational method of off-street facilities - parking services - pay and display or automatic.
- Restrictions on parking - time limits, restrictions on vehicle type, and
- Payment of parking - a flat rate per hour - a variable rate - unauthorized parking, daily rate, etc
Purpose and Objectives of the Study Parking
Intent and purpose of a parking study is to determine a parking program in a location that meets the requirements. For the purposes of parking studies, necessary information such as the following:
a. Inventory and the type of parking facilities, both for on-street and off-street parking
b. How and for what purpose parking facilities is held, including the duration of parking and parking violations.
c. Demand for parking spaces and parking demand characteristic of.
d. Plant site parking.
e. Validity factors (legal) financial and administrative, in connection with the parking situation, and additional regulations.
Parking Arrangements Part 3
Roadside parking spaces should be used as effectively as possible, so before setting the parking policy is "impressive", the study should be made to the parking lot and the source of demand right now. Very many of the streets used for parking (on-street parking) compared with off-street parking spaces (off-street parking). This is a challenge to balance the traffic experts on street space and off street space, although in the long term
In developing countries, development of business activity has improved, so that the center of commerce will be a power trip and need a wider parking spaces.
Definition of Terms In Parking
- Space hour: Unit parking is defined as the use of one parking space for a period of one hour.
- Parking accumulations: The total number of vehicles parked at the specified time.
- Parking load: Total unused space hour during the specified time period. Is close to the top of the peak accumulation, as to its fullest capacity.
- Practical capacity: practical capacity is always smaller than the available capacity (available capacity), typically 5.15% lack. This relates to the parking lot of wasted time, the movement left the parking lot and lack of knowledge about the available free space.
- Turn over: Average amount of time a parking space that is used by different vehicles during the period of time, eq 100 to 1000 vehicles used the space in a period of 10 hours of study: turn over = 1000/100 = 10 vehicle / space.
- Parking duration: The average time spent in a parking space. The number of vehicles that can park in that area (Dynamic Capacity)
Survey of Parking / Parking study.
The survey is also known as Parking Study, is used to determine
a. Demand and supply of parking facilities in an area,
b. Demand projections, and
c. Gathering the views of various interest groups to determine the best solution of a problem.
Off-street parking Fasilities.
This facility is a private facility or public property, including surface lot (yard) and a garage. The main objective in designing off street parking facilities is to obtain the maximum amount of space that may be provided. It should be noted that different types of layouts that can be used on a surface lot (yard). A very important consideration to determine the layout of parking is only involved one vehicle maneuver, without the need to rotate. Parking at an angle of 90o to the direction of flow is the most efficient.
Management Strategy Tariff (Pricing)
Intention to do tariffs in a particular place is to reduce the number of users of transportation facilities, thereby reducing the disruption to traffic. Tariff (pricing) can be distinguished:
1) Road pricing: a withdrawal fee to the road users, such as:
a) Tariff toll: attract a fee for passing through a particular path.
b) vehicle tax: fees based on vehicle type
c) the use of vehicle tax: fees based on usage or long distance.
2) Rates parking, which consists of:
a) Rates based on time of parking, with the intention of allowing parking more evenly.
b) high parking rates at locations with high traffic flow.
3) Rates of public transport, to increase the attractiveness of public transport service users and alignment.
a) Reduction in tariffs for subscriptions or a specific person
b) Differences in the rate-peak hours (more expensive)
c) tariff exemption for passengers who want to move the vehicle
d) The piece rates based on age / job.
e) The rate of subscription.
Off Street Parking
When parking facility is provided at a separate place away from the kerb, it is known as off street parking. The main advantage of this method is that there is no undue congestion and delay on the road as in kerb parking. But the main draw back is some of the owners will have to walk a greater distance after parking the vehicle. It is also not possible to provide the off street parking facility at very close intervals especially in business centres of a city. Two basic types of off street parking facilities are surface parking lots and multi floor parking garages
picture from : www.calhountowers.biz
picture from : loftsboston.com
Parking lots may be convenient where sufficient space is available at comparatively low cost. The parking of vehicles may be done by owners or drivers of the cars and then this is called self parking system. If the vehicle is left by the owner at the entrance space and again collected from there, the parking and delivering operations being carried out by attendants, it is called attendant parking system. Most important advantage of attendant parking is less space required to store and manoeuvre the same number of cars
picture from : www.calhountowers.biz
picture from : loftsboston.com
Parking lots may be convenient where sufficient space is available at comparatively low cost. The parking of vehicles may be done by owners or drivers of the cars and then this is called self parking system. If the vehicle is left by the owner at the entrance space and again collected from there, the parking and delivering operations being carried out by attendants, it is called attendant parking system. Most important advantage of attendant parking is less space required to store and manoeuvre the same number of cars
Highway and Transport Engineering
and this section is about Off Street Parking
(refference : Khanna, S.K., Justo, C.E.G., Highway Engineering, 3th edition, Nem Chand & Bros Roorkee (U.P.), 1976.)
On Street Parking or Curb Parking
In this type of parking the vehicles are parked on the curb which may be designed for parking. Curb parking is quite convenient for those who could find a suitable space to park their vehicles near the place they wish to stop, but for others who could not find a parking space it is a problem and often they may have to park their vehicles at a far off place and walk down to the destination. Unless curb parking facility has been adequately designed in advance while planning a new town, it might lead to a lot of inconvenience and congestion due to decreased road capacity as well increase in accidents. Curb parking facility may be either unrestricted or restricted type. The restricted curb parking my either be controlled by police or by meters and a certain fee is collected from these who park their vehicles for a certain duration of parking time
picture from : www.cyburbia.org
Highway and Transport Engineering
and this section is about On Street Parking or Curb Parking
(refference : Khanna, S.K., Justo, C.E.G., Highway Engineering, 3th edition, Nem Chand & Bros Roorkee (U.P.), 1976.)
.jpg)
